Ngorongoro Risks Losing World Heritage Status



By ADAM IHUCHA

Tanzania’s Ngorongoro Conservation Area is at risk of losing its status as a Unesco World Heritage Site, as the government has approved construction of more hotels in the area in breach of Unesco guidelines.  

A few years ago, Unesco had threatened to delist the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, citing increased human activities such as hotels, cultivation, and livestock populations within the fragile ecosystem.

Now, the government has authorised the construction of a major hotel and three semi-permanent camp sites within the area, potentially placing it at risk of being removed from the list of World Heritage Sites.

The EastAfrican is in possession of government documents that show that Leopard Tours Ltd, Kibo Palace Hotels, Camden Holdings Ltd, and Maasai Sanctuaries have been allocated large blocks of land within the protected area to develop hotels and campsites.

“I have instructed the Ngorongoro Conservation Area management to offer you a five acre campsite with a lease fee of $30,000 per year, half of the normal charge of $60,000,” reads a letter from Natural Resources and Tourism Minister Khamis Kagasheki to Leopard Tours Ltd.

The firm will put up a semi-permanent campsite in Ndutu area within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Camden Holdings Ltd will occupy Misigiyo site, with Maasai Sanctuaries being apportioned Oloololo area, whereas Kibo Palace will set up a five-star hotel on 20 acres located on the crater’s rim.

Ngorongoro Member of Parliament Kaika ole Telele said he was surprised at the government’s move because it had banned subsistence farming by the local Maasai over concerns about the environment.

“This is a case of double standards,” said Mr Telele.

Shadow Minister for Natural Resources and Tourism Peter Msigwa is furious over the government’s move, saying the opposition will work on stopping the deals.

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area was established in 1959 by Ordinance No 413 of 1959 as a multiple land use area, designated to promote the conservation of natural resources, safeguard the interests of the area’s residents and promote tourism.

Ngorongoro Conservation Area is unique in that the conservation of natural resources is integrated with human development.

Statistics show that the 8,292 square kilometres area has a human population of over 64,842 people, 13,650 head of cattle, and 19,305 goats and sheep, making the area overpopulated.

Experts fear that increased human and livestock populations, coupled with development activities, will put pressure on the fragile ecology of the area, which is famous for its natural and cultural heritage sites. These include the Ngorongoro Crater, the Olduvai and Laetoli archaeological sites, montane forests, and several crater lakes.

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area can only support 25,000 people if it is to remain ecologically stable. It is a leading tourism attraction on Tanzania’s Northern Circuit and receives around 500,000 tourists annually, who bring in nearly $60 million.

The area boasts a blend of landscapes, wildlife, people and archaeology.
Declaration
Unesco declared the Ngorongoro Crater a Natural World Heritage Site in 1979. According to a Unesco report on Ngorongoro Conservation Area, both international conservationists and green activists are concerned about cultivation activities within the area; traffic congestion inside the crater and major construction projects. 

The crater receives nearly 300 vehicles per day during the peak tourist season, something experts say is a danger to the site’s ecology.

“The anticipated growth in tourism in Tanzania, and particularly within conservation areas, poses significant challenges for Ngorongoro Conservation Area,” reads the Unesco report, suggesting that it is important for the government to develop a tourism strategy that will enable the conservation area to proactively manage tourism.

The UN body is also concerned with erosion associated with cattle accessing the crater, demanding that the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in collaboration with the Maasai people and Pastoral Council explore alternatives to limit or stop livestock grazing in the crater.

CONVERSATION

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